Distance calculation and circle

Hey,

I have data Id int, name nchar (40), coordinates geography. I use SQL Server 2012.

I want to calculate the distance between any location.

I'd like to have a distance in one table that looks like this, no matter how much data I have, so I have distance for all locations:

Picture1

I would like to draw a circle, which would I determine the radius by which to see the locations that are within that circle. I mean something like this:

Picture3

Thanks